The optimal microarchitecture of 3D-printed β-TCP bone substitutes for vertical bone augmentation differs from that for osteoconduction

Synthetic bone substitutes are used for regeneration of defects and vertical or horizontal augmentation. With the development new manufacturing methodologies such as additive manufacturing, not only can outer shape a scaffold (the macroarchitecture) be personalized, but also microarchitecture, defined distribution material within scaffold, designed optimized ingrowth. Our study assessed optimal pore-based microarchitecture osteoconduction in comparison to Histological analysis samples from an augmentation model showed that best achieve contained pores 1.7 mm diameter differed osteoconduction, which 1.2 diameter. The extent correlated with increasing pore Moreover, differences between microarchitectures were highly significant less Thus, our results suggest scaffolds defect crucial determinants depth ingrowth area bony regeneration. However, appears more osteoconduction.